![]() ![]() The incidence of RA rises dramatically during adulthood, the exception being men in their forties through sixties. First degree relatives of persons with RA have four times the expected rate of disease. The prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis is approximately one percent of the general population, with a three-fold female preponderance. The local production of these cytokines and chemokines appears to account for many of the pathological and clinical manifestations of RA. ![]() The rheumatoid synovium is characterized by the presence of a number of secreted products of activated lymphocytes, macrophages,Īnd fibroblasts. The earliest pathology in rheumatoid synovitis is microvascular injury and an increase in the number of synovial cells. Rheumatoid factor may appear transiently in normal individuals after vaccination or transfusion. The test is not useful as a screening procedure, but can be employed to confirm a diagnosis in individuals with a suggestive clinical presentation and, if present in high titer, to designate those at risk for severe systemic disease. The predictive value of the presence of rheumatoid factor in determining a diagnosis of RA is poor. While investigations may include X-rays, serum rheumatoid factors, serum IgA, and antinuclear, antiperinuclear, or anti-stratum corneum antibodies, no specific laboratory tests are diagnostic of RA.Ī positive rheumatoid factor is found in more than two-thirds of adults with the disease. Specialist consultation may be necessary in some cases. Appropriate history and physical examination data, and reports of relevant investigations must be provided. ![]() Diagnostic Standardĭiagnosis from a qualified medical practitioner is required. The guideline excludes Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. Other areas of the body which may be affected include the lungs, eyes, blood vessels, and skin. It is characterized by inflammatory synovitis, joint destruction, muscle atrophy and bone destruction. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic multisystem disease primarily involving the joints. This publication is available upon request in alternate formats. ![]()
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